The second stimulating factor is that the expansion of western powers in Vietnam has made France feel a sense of crisis.
Vietnam is a fat meat, where the climate is good and the land is relatively rich, but the potential is huge. Although France forced Vietnam to sign the second Saigon Treaty through the 173-year war, other powers in Vietnam also hoped to get a piece of it.
France wants to exercise more extensive and interfering protection against Annan and monopolize Vietnam’s interests. There have been various protests from other countries. The British took the lead in forcing France to give up its exclusive consular jurisdiction in Vietnam. Germany followed suit and said that it would set up a consulate in Vietnam to exercise consular jurisdiction. The Philippines has a history of being a base for many times. Spain in Vietnam contacted the Vietnamese government in 179 to negotiate a new trade treaty.
The north is big in Vietnam, and the wealth is huge in the north of Vietnam, which almost monopolizes the coal and iron mining here.
这一列国际外交局面让法国政府担心丧失对越南独占优势于是寻求更进一步加强对越南控制
控制越南另一个目则是希望借助越南地理位置跳板扩张在中国地区利益而越南天然水道跟云南相通这对法国是一个巨大优势所他们对红河看重非同一般
英国大不列颠桥和大亚细亚铁路修建已经到了最后收官阶段而法国却因法控制红河而终打不通往云南商道
这一列压力和拉力最终促使法国定决心维护在越南特殊利益
法国自身政治也生了变化175年跟德国战争危机让法国白他们还没有能力对抗德国还需要隐忍温和派领袖共和党格里维台执行改善法德将主要精力投入到向海外扩展方向俾斯麦主持德国政府对法国战略给予了支持一方面试图将法国目光转移另一方面也希望法国向海扩张能够让英法产生矛盾
法国暂时解决了德国在背后掣肘向海外兵时机就成熟了除了在非洲扩张殖民地外最大方向就是越南
179年1月1o日法国海军殖民部长皮都奥写信授法国交趾支那殖民地总督罗丰阮朝订立一个“在北圻建立保护制度协定”1o月1日皮都奥继者游列居伯利写信给外交部长佛来西讷赞同前出政策并指出外交谈判已经济于事军事干预才是唯一可行办法
179年6月日法国驻海防领事土尔克对一群法国教士公叫嚣“法国必须占据北圻……因它是一个理想军事基地由于有了这个基地一旦欧洲各强国企图瓜分中国时我们将是一些最先在中国腹地人”
民层面法国工业展虽然落后于英、美、德三国但是银行资却高度中资输出居世界第二位仅次于英国1691o年法国国外投资从1oo亿法郎增加到了15o亿法郎是给德国赔款三倍175年建立东方汇理银行逐渐垄断了越南财政金融依靠高利贷性质盘剥每年获利颇丰行货币成越南境流通货币
从高层政治家海军、殖民部门外交官甚包括宗教和民资都形成了独占越南一致态度政治、经济、军事和宗教等利益团推动列强各国进入越南争夺益压力还有越南人让人恼火抵制让法国再次动对越战争已经成了唯一选择
去年春天法国交趾支那殖民地从西贡出动6oo人軍队从海路进入红河占领了越南河一年多时法国先后占领了红河三角洲大多数战略要地将红河流域牢牢控制在手里
This is the third French-Vietnamese war in history.
The general attitude toward this war is protest.
On the one hand, he reached an agreement with France in 174. At that time, he no longer insisted on maintaining law and order in North Vietnam, but he cared about the national security situation and reserved to take practical action.
This basis requires the French colonial government to immediately end its occupation of the Red River area.
At that time, the treaty signed with Vietnam stipulated that Vietnam also had the freedom of navigation in the Red River, which was equal to that of France. This waterway did not mean that the bandit armed forces in the Red River area of Dafali mainly came from the peasant armed forces in the great border. The biggest one was the Black Flag Army. Obviously, big businessmen had the means to establish with these armed forces to cross the Red River safely.
Now France’s invasion of the Red River basin has also affected the big commercial interests, and the force behind this commercial interest has immediately raised opposition in China. French public opinion has asked the government to come forward to protect the national interests in newspaper articles.
France has delayed and perfunctory the request for a big project. While ensuring that it will not affect the big interests, they have continued to firmly control the establishment of fortresses, stationed soldiers and sent armed forces to fight against the black flag army and other armed separatist forces that hinder France from controlling the Red River channel
On the other side, it is urgent to negotiate with Britain.
In 173, the tense confrontation war with France in the north of Vietnam hit the nail on the head. At that time, Britain was worried that France would be restrained by Vietnam, so Germany continued to occupy the French territory. Britain caused the balance of Europe to be broken. Britain maintained the balance of Europe’s big six, and its greatest foreign policy was to actively mediate the French dispute at that time.
Britain promised Daxie that it would not support the country to take military action in northern Vietnam, especially in the area near the big border on the north side of the Red River, otherwise Britain would completely support Daxie’s action in this area.
Because Britain made a promise at that time, it expressed its willingness to compromise with France. Now France is the first to violate the agreement and demand that Britain fulfill its promise and support the pressure on France.
Britain is also ambitious in expanding Vietnam’s interests, otherwise they will not be the first to oppress France to accept British consular judgment in Vietnam, but Britain is unwilling to directly conflict with France for the sake of supporting France to balance Germany.
By default, France annexed Vietnam, but now it is involved in a big country, to which Britain made a promise. In addition, once France controls Vietnam, Vietnam will compete with Britain for the interests in southwest China. In the long run, Britain does not want France to occupy northern Vietnam.
The British sent a note to France out of respect for their commitments or out of restrictions on France, hoping that France would restrain its actions in North Vietnam and stimulate big countries to cause conflicts in the region.
France showed respect for the British note, but it was also limited to the oral Franco-Prussian War. Ten years later, France’s military strength has basically recovered. Although the overall national strength has fallen behind Germany, France really does not take it seriously.
Because of its military and economic strength, France recognizes its absolute superiority and does not pay much attention to its larger size, because it is an eastern country after all.
Historically, France’s attitude towards the Qing Dynasty proved that they were not frightened by the huge population of the Qing Dynasty at all. French warships dared to swagger into the sea at the beginning of the war, and then directly entered Mawei to destroy the Nanyang Fleet, all of which showed their absolute confidence in their military strength.
In the war, the French government’s strategy was to occupy several ports in the Qing Dynasty, force the Qing Dynasty to bend, and demand the Qing Dynasty to pay huge compensation. They regarded the Qing Dynasty as the result of the Qing Dynasty during the Opium War, which aroused the anger of the Qing Dynasty. The troops were trained by suppressing the Taiping Heavenly Kingdom, returning to the chaos in Shaanxi and Gansu, and recovering Xinjiang. They sent troops to Vietnam and fought with France in six places, and finally the French government collapsed without compensation.
Now, although they are facing the great power, they know that the great power is much stronger than that of the Manchu, but when they defeated the Manchu, they agreed to it, and they did not have much strength. A comparison shows that the same nation is much stronger.
In the past, France itself was occupied by Germany, and it was unable to deploy its forces to compete with Vietnam. Now that the French military strength has recovered, it will not consider the big attitude.
There is also a very important point. Although some professional diplomats in France can view the establishment of military power by learning from the West objectively and fairly, they have also managed to get rid of the concept of white people themselves. Although they have made great progress, they are certainly not as good as the judgment of French diplomats, which has influenced the judgment of the French government.
Among the people, it is a wave of war public opinion. The French people have tolerated the weakness of the French government. They can’t see that the great France once again blocked the plan to abandon the occupation of Vietnam in the stupid eastern countries in northern Vietnam
Compared with professional diplomats, the French people tend to be more sensitive in their judgment. In the history of the rise of the West, whites have never lost to other races in that war. This historical evidence makes people believe that the yellow race can still compete with whites.
Just like during the Russo-Japanese War, almost all military theorists were not optimistic that Japan would defeat a white country in a war, even though Japanese soldiers were better trained and prepared for battle, no one could see this. Even the Japanese themselves were determined to rule the emperor many times before the war, hoping to show weakness to the czar and hope for peace.
At this time, French interest groups continued to add fuel to the flames, which completely inspired the French people’s anger. Various protests continued to leave the French government with little political choice.
The military misjudgment and the lack of political and diplomatic flexibility made the French government’s measures to deal with the conflict very unsuccessful and constantly pushed the conflict to the brink of war.
On the one hand, like the Japanese before the Russo-Japanese War, the Great Civil Service Corps is not sure of winning the White War, and most people still think that the possibility of defeat is higher because France is obviously stronger than Great.
France’s mobilization body is more perfect, France’s economic strength is stronger, and the French navy is stronger.
All the civilian governments are very cautious, and have been trying to solve the conflict through diplomatic channels, hoping for British mediation.
However, the big government has not retreated much, because the northern part of Vietnam now accounts for 10% of the iron ore. How can there be no coal and iron in the coal industry era?
Therefore, the northern part of Vietnam is equivalent to a big economic lifeline. Accepting the French occupation of the northern part of Vietnam is equivalent to forbearing France to cut off the big lifeline, and it is also necessary to let the big lifeline be in the hands of France, so the French will have to gasp for breath in the future.
However, the direct involvement in the war still needs a strong enough stimulus, and the French soon realized that the French army had foolishly boarded Hung Kai and occupied this big coal-mining area.
This time, Da made the strongest response, protested and sent troops into Vietnam again to try to force the French army to withdraw from Hongji, while the French army refused to budge in building fortifications in coal mining areas. The war was imminent, but at present Da still wanted a banner of extreme justice.
Section six hundred and seventy-nine Vietnam chaos
The Vietnamese really went back on their words, and the French invaded Vietnam again, and their old king died. It is very likely that the old king died because he was stimulated by foreign troubles.
In July 13, when France was in power for 37 years when the conflict with the Great Northern Vietnam intensified, the king of Vietnam died when his country claimed to be the emperor Si De Di Ruan Fu.
Ruan Fushi was the most unlucky emperor in the later period of Vietnam. His position was similar to that of Xianfeng in the Qing Dynasty. The manpower has been able to save the day. During his reign, France occupied Saigon (Jiading), Bianhe, Meidi and Yonglong provinces in the name of protecting priests and Catholics. In 162, Vietnam signed the Renxu Treaty (the first Saigon Treaty). Vietnam ceded Bianhe, Jiading and Dingxiang provinces Kunlun Island compensation of 20 million yuan, allowing Catholicism to broadcast France to control almost all bad things in southern Vietnam.
Just years before he succeeded to the throne, his grandfather ordered the emperor and Vietnam Ganlong to forge ahead during his reign, and through the construction of canals, he completely ruled the Mekong Delta and expanded Vietnam’s territory southward to the sea.
As a result, when Ruan Fu survived, the situation turned sharply, which was even more tragic. He was an emperor for 37 years, but he couldn’t give birth to an heir. As a result, he died and was trapped outside the country. Unfortunately, the Vietnamese royal family also broke out in a power struggle. In just two years, five emperors succeeded to the throne one after another
First, his nephew Yude Emperor Nguy?n Phúc ?ng Chan was poisoned three days after he ascended the throne, and his younger brother Concord Emperor Ruan Fusheng was poisoned four months after he ascended the throne. After he ascended the throne, his nephew Jianfu Emperor Ruan Fuhao died six months later, but Xianyi Emperor Ruan Fu did not die violently, but he resisted the French and lived in barren hills. The French supported Tongqing Emperor Ruan Fuzhang to ascend the throne, and he barely did it for four years and died at the age of 25.
This list of kings’ violent deaths can’t be normal deaths, because most of them died in their prime of life. Although there is no definite cause of death, most of them died in their own struggle and were suspected of being killed by the French.
Because of the constant struggle, there is also a strange phenomenon in history, that is, the Manchu Dynasty finally decided to fight with France because of Vietnam’s help, but after the war broke out, Vietnam changed emperors repeatedly, but the small court suddenly declared neutrality. Their reason is that "China is between two and the Qing Dynasty, and it will be loyal for thousands of years; And the law is far away, the water is near, and the fire is nothing but neutrality. Once the two countries enter, they will stop. "
Ruan Fusheng was killed four months after he was in office.
By the end of the month, more than four French expeditionary forces were divided into two groups to attack along the Red River, and the Black Flag Army attacked Hue, the capital of Vietnam. The French army was repeatedly beaten by the Black Flag Army and Vietnamese soldiers and civilians, and suffered heavy losses. A sub-fleet attacked Hue, the capital of Vietnam, and occupied and protected Shun’ an fortress on the 2 nd